[root@mysql2 src]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/gdb-7.6.1.tar.gz
[root@mysql2 src]# tar -zxvf gdb-7.6.1.tar.gz 
[root@mysql2 src]# cd gdb-7.6.1 
[root@mysql2 gdb-7.6.1]# ./configure  
[root@mysql2 gdb-7.6.1]# make && make install
[root@mysql2 gdb-7.6.1]# whereis gdb
gdb: /usr/local/bin/gdb /usr/share/gdb
[root@mysql2 gdb-7.6.1]# gdb -v
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6.1
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
[root@mysql2 ~]# gdb
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6.1
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
(gdb) help
List of classes of commands:
aliases -- Aliases of other commands
breakpoints -- Making program stop at certain points
data -- Examining data
files -- Specifying and examining files
internals -- Maintenance commands
obscure -- Obscure features
running -- Running the program
stack -- Examining the stack
status -- Status inquiries
support -- Support facilities
tracepoints -- Tracing of program execution without stopping the program
user-defined -- User-defined commands
Type "help" followed by a class name for a list of commands in that class.
Type "help all" for the list of all commands.
Type "help" followed by command name for full documentation.
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".
Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.
(gdb)

[root@mysql2 ~]# mkdir -p {/opt/debug_mysql,/opt/debug_mysql/run,/data/debug_mysql/data,/data/debug_mysql/tmp,/data/debug_mysql/log/iblog,/data/debug_mysql/log/binlog}
[root@mysql2 mysql-5.6.35]#cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/debug_mysql \
-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/data/debug_mysql/data  \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_SSL=yes \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/debug_mysql/run/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3307 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_DEBUG=1 #添加此项开启DEBUG模式
[root@mysql2 mysql-5.6.35]# make && make install
[root@mysql2 opt]# /opt/debug_mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/opt/my3307.cnf --basedir=/opt/debug_mysql

[root@mysql2 ~]# gdb --args /opt/debug_mysql/bin/mysqld
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6.1
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
Reading symbols from /opt/debug_mysql/bin/mysqld...done.
(gdb) b mysqld_main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x63bfbf: file /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc, line 5250.
(gdb)

(gdb) n
The program is not being run.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /opt/debug_mysql/bin/mysqld 
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".
Breakpoint 1, mysqld_main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe578) at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc:5250
5250      my_progname= argv[0];

(gdb) n
5254      if (my_init())                 // init my_sys library & pthreads
(gdb) s
my_init () at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/mysys/my_init.c:69
69        if (my_init_done)
(gdb) n
72        my_init_done= 1;
(gdb) n
74        my_umask= 0660;                       /* Default umask for new files */
(gdb) n
75        my_umask_dir= 0700;                   /* Default umask for new directories */
(gdb) n
78        if ((str= getenv("UMASK")) != 0)
(gdb) n
81        if ((str= getenv("UMASK_DIR")) != 0)
(gdb) n
84        init_glob_errs();
(gdb) n
86        instrumented_stdin.m_file= stdin;
(gdb) n
87        instrumented_stdin.m_psi= NULL;       /* not yet instrumented */
(gdb) n
88        mysql_stdin= & instrumented_stdin;

(gdb) n
90        if (my_thread_global_init())
(gdb) s
my_thread_global_init () at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/mysys/my_thr_init.c:120
120       if (my_thread_global_init_done)
(gdb) n
122       my_thread_global_init_done= 1;
(gdb) n
134       pthread_mutexattr_init(&my_fast_mutexattr);
(gdb) n
135       pthread_mutexattr_settype(&my_fast_mutexattr,
(gdb) n
143       pthread_mutexattr_init(&my_errorcheck_mutexattr);
(gdb) n
144       pthread_mutexattr_settype(&my_errorcheck_mutexattr,
(gdb) n
148       DBUG_ASSERT(! THR_KEY_mysys_initialized);
(gdb) n
149       if ((pth_ret= pthread_key_create(&THR_KEY_mysys, NULL)) != 0)
(gdb) s
155       THR_KEY_mysys_initialized= TRUE;
(gdb) n
156       mysql_mutex_init(key_THR_LOCK_malloc, &THR_LOCK_malloc, MY_MUTEX_INIT_FAST);
(gdb) n
157       mysql_mutex_init(key_THR_LOCK_open, &THR_LOCK_open, MY_MUTEX_INIT_FAST);
(gdb) n
158       mysql_mutex_init(key_THR_LOCK_charset, &THR_LOCK_charset, MY_MUTEX_INIT_FAST);
(gdb) n
159       mysql_mutex_init(key_THR_LOCK_threads, &THR_LOCK_threads, MY_MUTEX_INIT_FAST);

(gdb) n
my_init () at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/mysys/my_init.c:94
94        safe_mutex_global_init();             /* Must be called early */
(gdb) n
102       if ((home_dir= getenv("HOME")) != 0)
(gdb) n
103         home_dir= intern_filename(home_dir_buff, home_dir);
(gdb) n
106         DBUG_ENTER("my_init");
(gdb) n
107         DBUG_PROCESS((char*) (my_progname ? my_progname : "unknown"));
(gdb) n
109         DBUG_PRINT("exit", ("home: '%s'", home_dir));
(gdb) n
113         DBUG_RETURN(0);
(gdb) n
115     } /* my_init */

(gdb) n
mysqld_main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe578) at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc:5261
5261      orig_argc= argc;
(gdb) s
5262      orig_argv= argv;
(gdb) n
5263      my_getopt_use_args_separator= TRUE;
(gdb) n
5264      my_defaults_read_login_file= FALSE;
(gdb) n
5265      if (load_defaults(MYSQL_CONFIG_NAME, load_default_groups, &argc, &argv))

(gdb) n
5274      system_charset_info= &my_charset_utf8_general_ci;

(gdb) n
5276      init_sql_statement_names();
(gdb) s
init_sql_statement_names () at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc:3599
3599      char *first_com= (char*) offsetof(STATUS_VAR, com_stat[0]);

(gdb) n
5277      sys_var_init();
(gdb) s
sys_var_init () at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/set_var.cc:61
61        DBUG_ENTER("sys_var_init");

(gdb) s
init_pfs_instrument_array () at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/storage/perfschema/pfs_server.cc:218
218       my_init_dynamic_array(&pfs_instr_config_array, sizeof(PFS_instr_config*), 10, 10);

(gdb) n
mysqld_main (argc=2, argv=0x17edd20) at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc:5288
5288      ho_error= handle_early_options();
(gdb) s
handle_early_options () at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc:6865
6865      vector<my_option> all_early_options;

(gdb) n
5358      init_error_log_mutex();

(gdb) s
5368      mysql_audit_initialize();
(gdb) s
mysql_audit_initialize () at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/sql_audit.cc:316
316       init_audit_psi_keys();

(gdb) n
mysqld_main (argc=2, argv=0x17edd20) at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc:5374
5374      logger.init_base();
(gdb) s
LOGGER::init_base (this=0x179a4c0 <logger>) at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/log.cc:912
912       DBUG_ASSERT(inited == 0);

(gdb) s
5404      if (init_common_variables())

(gdb) n
5465      check_data_home(mysql_real_data_home);
(gdb) n
5466      if (my_setwd(mysql_real_data_home,MYF(MY_WME)) && !opt_help)
(gdb) s
my_setwd (dir=0x17931a0 <mysql_real_data_home> "/opt/debug_mysql/data/", MyFlags=16) at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/mysys/my_getwd.c:98
98        DBUG_ENTER("my_setwd");

(gdb) n
mysqld_main (argc=2, argv=0x17edd20) at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc:5469
5469      if ((user_info= check_user(mysqld_user)))
(gdb) s
check_user (user=0x0) at /opt/mysql-5.6.35/sql/mysqld.cc:2100
2100      uid_t user_id= geteuid();